Parameters
実線: H₀ Velocity-距離関係。灰色破線: 光速 c。黄点: 選択銀河。
$v = H_0 \cdot d$
$z = v/c$(低速近似)
宇宙年齢 $t_H = 1/H_0$
$H_0 = 70$ km/s/Mpc → $t_H \approx 14$ Gyr
Manipulate Hubble constant and galaxy distance to calculate recession velocity, redshift, and universe age in real time. Explore cosmic expansion and the mystery of recession velocities exceeding the speed of light.
実線: H₀ Velocity-距離関係。灰色破線: 光速 c。黄点: 選択銀河。
ダークEnergy(宇宙定数Λ)は宇宙を加速膨張させ。現在 宇宙は約68%ダークEnergy、27%ダークマター、5%通常物質from な(Ω_Λ≈0.68)。加速膨張によりH₀は宇宙 歴史 中で変化し、現在 値は過去 値と異な。
1 pc(パーセク)≈ 3.26光年。1 Mpc = 10⁶ pc ≈ 3.26百万光年 ≈ 3.09×10²² m。アンドロメダ銀河は約0.78 Mpc、局所銀河群は直径約5 Mpc、観測可能宇宙 半径は約14,000 Mpc。
観測可能宇宙 半径は約460億光年(膨張を考慮した共動距離)が、宇宙全体はさらに広い(または無限)可能性がWith。「果て」ではなく「観測限界」—光が138億年間に届ける距離が観測可能宇宙 境界。InFreーション理論では宇宙は観測可能な部分よりはるかに広いとされ。
低速近似(v ≪ c)では z ≈ v/c = H₀d/c。相対論的には z = √((1+β)/(1-β)) - 1(β=v/c)。宇宙論的赤方偏移では空間 伸びa(t)によりz+1 = a(今)/a(発射時)とな。z=1 銀河は約100億光年先(観測値に依存)。
Hubble Law Simulator is a fundamental topic in engineering and applied physics. This interactive simulator lets you explore the key behaviors and relationships by directly manipulating parameters and observing real-time results.
By combining numerical computation with visual feedback, the simulator bridges the gap between abstract theory and physical intuition — making it an effective learning tool for students and a rapid-verification tool for practicing engineers.
The simulator is based on the governing equations behind Hubble's Law Simulator. Understanding these equations is key to interpreting the results correctly.
Each parameter in the equations corresponds to a slider in the control panel. Moving a slider changes the equation's solution in real time, helping you build a direct connection between mathematical expressions and physical behavior.
Engineering Design: The concepts behind Hubble's Law Simulator are applied across mechanical, structural, electrical, and fluid engineering disciplines. This tool provides a quick way to estimate design parameters and sensitivity before committing to full CAE analysis.
Education & Research: Widely used in engineering curricula to connect theory with numerical computation. Also serves as a first-pass validation tool in research settings.
CAE Workflow Integration: Before running finite element (FEM) or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, engineers use simplified models like this to establish physical scale, identify dominant parameters, and define realistic boundary conditions.
Model assumptions: The mathematical model used here relies on simplifying assumptions such as linearity, homogeneity, and isotropy. Always verify that your real system satisfies these assumptions before applying results directly to design decisions.
Units and scale: Many calculation errors arise from unit conversion mistakes or order-of-magnitude errors. Pay close attention to the units shown next to each parameter input.
Validating results: Always sanity-check simulator output against physical intuition or hand calculations. If a result seems unexpected, review your input parameters or verify with an independent method.