Parameters
Lens Type
Focal length f
100 mm
Convex: f > 0 Concave: f < 0 (set automatically)
Object distance u
200 mm
Object height h
20 mm
Sign convention: object distance u is negative (u = −|u|). Image distance v > 0 → real image; v < 0 → virtual image.
200.0
Image distance v [mm]
−1.00
Magnification m
Real
Image type
Inverted
Orientation / Size
Theory
Thin lens formula (Gaussian form, sign convention):
$$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u}$$Magnification: $m = \dfrac{v}{u}$ ($m < 0$: inverted, $|m| > 1$: enlarged)
Object distance is negative ($u = -|u_{\rm obj}|$); real image: $v > 0$; virtual image: $v < 0$
Convex lens: $f > 0$ Concave lens: $f < 0$
Engineering applications: Industrial camera working distance and magnification design / Microscope and telescope optical system layout / Laser beam expanders / Optical displacement sensor focus design / Initial layout verification in CAE optical simulation (Zemax OpticsStudio).