Motor Starting Current Simulator Back

Motor Starting Current Calculator | DOL and Star-Delta

Estimate three-phase induction-motor rated and starting line current from shaft power, voltage, efficiency and power factor. Compare DOL, star-delta and a fixed 50%-voltage softstarter example.

Parameters
Rated power P
kW
Rated voltage V
V
Efficiency η
%
Power factor cosφ
Starting-current ratio (full voltage) k_LR
Locked-rotor current as a multiple of rated current at full voltage
Starting method
Reduced-voltage starting lowers the torque when it lowers the current
Results
Rated current (A)
Full-voltage start current DOL (A)
Starting current of method (A)
Multiple of rated current (×)
Starting-torque fraction (%)
Starting-current verdict
Starting current vs time — start-sequence animation

A tall inrush-current spike rises at switch-on and decays to the steady running current as the motor accelerates. The spike height changes with the selected method. The bar at the right compares the peak currents of the three methods.

Starting current vs locked-rotor ratio k_LR
Starting-method comparison (DOL / star-delta / soft starter)
Theory & Key Formulas

$$I_{rated}=\frac{P}{\sqrt{3}\,V\,\eta\,\cos\varphi},\qquad I_{start,DOL}=k_{LR}\cdot I_{rated}$$

Rated (full-load) line current I_rated and the direct-on-line starting current I_start,DOL. P: rated power, V: rated voltage, η: efficiency, cosφ: power factor, k_LR: locked-rotor ratio.

$$I_{start}=\frac{I_{start,DOL}}{3}\;(\text{star-delta}),\qquad I_{start}=0.5\,I_{start,DOL}\;(\text{50% voltage})$$

Star-delta starting applies 1/√3 of the line voltage to each winding, so the starting current and torque both fall to one third. With reduced voltage, current scales with voltage while torque scales with the square of the voltage.

TRY THE SAME CONDITIONS

Worked example

Use 30kW, 400V, efficiency 90%, power factor 0.85 and locked-rotor multiplier 6.5. Rated current is about 56.6A; DOL about 368A, star-delta 123A and the softstarter example 184A. Torque fractions relative to DOL starting torque are 100%, about 33% and 25%.

Calculator ↑

Model and scope

Rated current In=P×1000/(√3·V·η·cosφ); DOL starting current=kLR·In. P is shaft output in kW, V is line-to-line volts and efficiency is converted from percent. Reduced-voltage methods use fixed factors. The time curve is schematic, not a calculated acceleration transient.

Questions and answers

Is the power input electrical power or shaft output?

Shaft output. Efficiency converts it to electrical input. If nameplate rated line current is available, prioritize and cross-check against the manufacturer's data.

Can every motor use star-delta starting?

No. Winding voltage and terminal configuration must support delta operation at the supply voltage. Check acceleration with reduced torque and the switching current peak.

Can I adjust the softstarter voltage or ramp?

Not here. The example is fixed at 50% voltage and does not reproduce a device's voltage ramp, current limit or control law. Real softstarters need not give this current.

Can these results select a breaker or cable?

Not alone. Starting duration, load torque, inertia, source impedance, protection coordination and standards are also needed. Torque percentages refer to DOL starting torque, not rated running torque.

Theory reference (not certification of this tool)

ABB: Softstarter handbook (PDF)

Explanation updated: 6 September 2026