Parameters
Circuit Type
R₁
10.0 kΩ
R_f
100.0 kΩ
Input Frequency
1.00 kHz
Range: 1 Hz – 100 kHz (log)
Input Amplitude V_in
1.00 V
Supply Voltage ±V_cc
12.0 V
Output clipping detected! Reduce gain or increase V_cc.
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Voltage Gain A_v
—
Gain [dB]
—
Input Impedance
—
Bandwidth BW
Input / Output Waveforms (Time Domain)
Transfer Curve V_out vs V_in
Theory
Inverting: $A_v = -\dfrac{R_f}{R_1}$ Non-Inverting: $A_v = 1 + \dfrac{R_f}{R_1}$
Voltage Follower: $A_v = 1$ Summing: $V_{out} = -R_f\!\left(\dfrac{V_1}{R_1}+\dfrac{V_2}{R_2}\right)$
Differentiator: $V_{out} = -R_f C \dfrac{dV_{in}}{dt}$ Integrator: $V_{out} = -\dfrac{1}{RC}\int V_{in}\,dt$
GBW product: $\text{BW} = \dfrac{\text{GBW}}{|A_v|}$ (GBW = 1 MHz assumed)
Applications: Op-amps are fundamental in sensor signal conditioning, active filter design, and ADC front-ends. Differentiators convert accelerometer velocity signals to acceleration; integrators are used in strain-gauge charge amplifiers and control loops.