Parameters
Medium 1 (Incident side)
Medium 2 (Transmitted side)
Angle of Incidence θ₁
0.0 °
Wave Type
1.48
Z₁ [MRayl]
45.0
Z₂ [MRayl]
—
Reflection Coeff. R (intensity)
—
Transmission Coeff. T (intensity)
—
Critical Angle θ_c
—
Insertion Loss [dB]
Theory
Normal incidence (θ₁=0°) intensity reflection and transmission coefficients:
$$R = \left(\frac{Z_2 - Z_1}{Z_2 + Z_1}\right)^2, \quad T = 1 - R = \frac{4 Z_1 Z_2}{(Z_1+Z_2)^2}$$Snell's law: $\dfrac{\sin\theta_1}{c_1} = \dfrac{\sin\theta_2}{c_2}$, Critical angle: $\sin\theta_c = \dfrac{c_1}{c_2}$ (when $c_1 < c_2$)
Acoustic impedance: $Z = \rho c$, Insertion loss: $IL = -10\log_{10}T\ \mathrm{[dB]}$
Applications: Interface reflection loss in ultrasonic NDT (immersion and contact methods) / Tissue transmission assessment in medical ultrasound / Acoustic design of soundproofing and damping materials / Matching layer design for underwater acoustic transducers.