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Interactive simulator

AGV Battery Mission Energy Simulator

Read rolling energy, remaining SOC, and distance sensitivity to check whether the mission can finish with margin.

Parameters
Vehicle mass
kg

Total AGV mass including payload and battery.

Mission distance
km

Total travel distance for one mission.

Rolling resistance
-

Effective rolling resistance from floor and wheel conditions.

Battery capacity
kWh

Usable battery energy for the mission.

Drive efficiency
%

Average drive efficiency including motor, inverter and gearbox.

Travel speed
m/s

Average travel speed during the cruise phases of the duty cycle.

While paused, move the sliders to update the result instantly.

Live mission & battery animation
Live readouts
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State of charge
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Energy used
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Remaining runtime
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Average power
Model and equations

$$P=\frac{(C_{rr}\,m\,g + m\,a)\,v}{\eta}+P_{aux},\quad E=\int P\,dt,\quad SOC(t)=SOC_0-\frac{\int P\,dt}{E_{batt}}$$

$$t_{run}=\frac{E_{batt}}{\bar P}\;\;(\text{usable Wh}\,/\,\text{average power})$$

This page focuses on rolling-resistance energy. Acceleration, lifting, waiting, and auxiliary loads should be added when they are significant.

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How to read it

The SOC view checks remaining capacity at mission end.

The energy view shows how distance and mass contribute.

The sensitivity view shows how route length or efficiency loss consumes margin.

Learn AGV Battery Mission Energy by dialogue

🙋
When reading AGV Battery Mission Energy, where should I look first? Moving Vehicle mass changes both the plots and the result cards.
🎓
Start with Energy used, but do not treat the number as the whole answer. Use Mission SOC to confirm the assumed state, then read Travel energy breakdown for the distribution or trend. The SOC view checks remaining capacity at mission end.
🙋
I can see why Vehicle mass changes Energy used. How should I judge the influence of Mission distance?
🎓
Move Mission distance in small steps and watch Remaining SOC. That reveals which term is controlling the result. This page focuses on rolling-resistance energy. Acceleration, lifting, waiting, and auxiliary loads should be added when they are significant. A single operating point is not enough; sweep the realistic scatter range.
🙋
What is Distance sensitivity for? It feels like the ordinary curve already tells the story.
🎓
Distance sensitivity is for finding boundaries where the condition becomes risky or margin collapses quickly. The energy view shows how distance and mass contribute. In First-pass AGV battery sizing, the important question is often what happens after a small change, not only the nominal value.
🙋
So if Energy used is within the target, can I accept the condition?
🎓
Treat this as a first-pass review. It helps with Checking SOC after route or payload changes and Estimating charging timing and reserve capacity, but final decisions still need standards, measured data, detailed analysis, and vendor limits. The sensitivity view shows how route length or efficiency loss consumes margin.

Practical use

First-pass AGV battery sizing.

Checking SOC after route or payload changes.

Estimating charging timing and reserve capacity.

FAQ

Start with Energy used and Remaining SOC. Then use Mission SOC to confirm the assumed state and Travel energy breakdown to read distribution or bias. The SOC view checks remaining capacity at mission end
Move Vehicle mass alone, then move Mission distance by a comparable amount and compare the change in Energy used. Distance sensitivity shows combinations where margin or performance changes quickly.
Use it for First-pass AGV battery sizing. Instead of trusting a single point, widen the input range and check whether Energy used keeps enough margin before moving to detailed analysis.
This page focuses on rolling-resistance energy. Acceleration, lifting, waiting, and auxiliary loads should be added when they are significant. Final decisions still require standards, measured data, detailed analysis, and vendor limits.

How to Use

  1. Enter vehicle mass in kg (e.g., 500 kg for a 2-ton AGV payload-included)
  2. Input total mission distance in meters (e.g., 1200 m for warehouse floor route)
  3. Set rolling resistance coefficient (typical 0.08–0.15 for solid tires; 0.05 for pneumatic)
  4. Enter battery capacity in kWh (e.g., 48V 100Ah = 4.8 kWh nominal)
  5. Specify drivetrain efficiency as decimal (0.85–0.92 for brushless DC motors with gearbox)
  6. Click Simulate to calculate energy demand, final SOC, safety margin, and range reserve

Worked Example

A 600 kg payload AGV with 48V 200Ah LiFePO4 battery (9.6 kWh nominal) travels 2400 m at 1.2 m/s. Rolling resistance: 0.10 (polyurethane wheels). Drivetrain efficiency: 0.88 (hub motor). Gross energy = (600 × 9.81 × 0.10 × 2400) / 3600 = 3.92 kWh. Net drawdown at 88% efficiency: 3.92 / 0.88 = 4.45 kWh. Remaining SOC: (9.6 − 4.45) / 9.6 = 46.4%. Battery margin: 46.4% allows 1850 m additional range at identical conditions—sufficient for return journey plus 20% safety buffer per ISO 3691-4.

Practical Notes

  1. Rolling resistance increases 15–25% on wet concrete; recalculate margins seasonally in outdoor logistics facilities
  2. Battery capacity degrades 0.5–1% monthly; use 90% nameplate for conservative mission planning after 6 months in service
  3. Incline adds ~0.04–0.06 to effective resistance per 5° grade; enter adjusted rolling coefficient for ramp-heavy routes
  4. AGV speed affects efficiency: 0.5 m/s reduces motor slip losses by 12% vs. 2 m/s; slower missions extend range 8–15%
  5. Always maintain 20–30% SOC reserve to prevent LiFePO4 depth-of-discharge penalties and ensure safe docking station arrival

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