Renewable Energy Simulators

How to Use

1. Select renewable energy category (Solar PV, Wind, Hydro, or Geothermal) from the cat-filter dropdown
2. Enter system parameters: geographic latitude, panel/turbine specifications, fluid flow rates, or thermal gradients depending on energy type
3. Review calculated outputs including capacity factor, annual energy yield (MWh), efficiency losses, and system payback period
4. Cross-check results against industry benchmarks and local grid interconnection standards

Worked Example

Solar PV installation in southern Spain (latitude 37°N): 50 kW array with 18% module efficiency, 95% inverter efficiency, 2% soiling losses. Annual irradiance 1,650 kWh/m²/year. Calculation: 50 kW × 1,650 × 0.18 × 0.95 × 0.98 = 13,955 MWh/year. At €0.08/kWh wholesale price, annual revenue approximates €1,116. System cost €100,000 yields 9.0 year payback with 25-year module warranty.

Practical Notes

1. Wind resources: Use Weibull distribution fitting with hub-height wind speed (10m anemometer data requires logarithmic extrapolation to 80–120m turbine heights)
2. Hydro flow: Validate seasonal discharge curves; Q×H×997 kg/m³×9.81 m/s² = gross power; apply penstock friction losses and turbine efficiency (85–92% for Francis units)
3. Temperature-dependent efficiency: Solar and wind output degrade 0.4–0.5%/°C above STC; model ambient conditions for realistic seasonal variation
4. Grid codes: Confirm reactive power capability, voltage ride-through, and harmonic distortion limits before interconnection submission