Parameter Settings
青: P波走時曲線、赤: S波走時曲線。縦点線は選択した震源距離。
$t_P = D / V_P$, $\quad t_S = D / V_S$
初期微動継続時間(PS時差)
$\Delta t = t_S - t_P = D \left(\dfrac{1}{V_S} - \dfrac{1}{V_P}\right)$
大森公式(近似)
$D \approx 7.42 \cdot \Delta t$ [km]
Estimate epicentral distance from the speed difference between P-waves and S-waves. Visualize the Omori formula and the mechanism behind earthquake early warning systems.
青: P波走時曲線、赤: S波走時曲線。縦点線は選択した震源距離。
Vp/VsはPoisson比と直接関係し。$\nu = (Vp^2 - 2Vs^2) / (2(Vp^2 - Vs^2))$。花崗岩(Vp/Vs≈1.73、ν≈0.25)、飽和砂岩(Vp/Vs≈2以上、ν≈0.3〜0.4) ように岩石 種類・含水状態でVp/Vs比が変わ。地震トモGraphィーではこ 比を使って火山 溶岩溜まりや流体 存在を検出し。
複数 地震計 到達時刻差from 3次元的に逆算(ハイポセンター法)し。震源距離Dは震央距離(水平方向)と震源深さh 合成 $D = \sqrt{r^2 + h^2}$。深発地震(300km超)は沈み込むプレート内で起き、日本では特有 深発地震面(和達-ベニオフ帯)が観測され。
距離だけでは規模は推定できません。規模 推定にはP波 Amplitude(最大Displacement)やP波波形 立ち上がり急峻さ(Frequency内容)を使い。緊急地震速報ではP波到達後3秒以内 波形Amplitudefrom 「マグニチュード推定」と「震源距離推定」を組み合わせて揺れ 強さを予測し。
多数 地震・地震計ペア 走時Datafrom 地球内部 3次元Velocity構造を画像化する手法。医療CTスキャン 地球版。沈み込むプレート(スラブ)は周囲より冷たく密度が高いためP波Velocityが高く見え、ホットスポット(マントルプルーム)は高温でVelocityが低く見え。地球規模 CFD/構造解析 ようなも ね。
本ツールは均一Velocity構造(一層Model)を仮定してい。実際 地球は地殻・上部Mantle・遷移帯・下部Mantle・外核・内核 多層構造で、深部では地震波が屈折・反射し。精密な走時計算にはJEFFreys-Bullen表(JB表)やiaspei91VelocityModel(IASP91)などを用い。
Seismic Wave Arrival Time is a fundamental topic in engineering and applied physics. This interactive simulator lets you explore the key behaviors and relationships by directly manipulating parameters and observing real-time results.
By combining numerical computation with visual feedback, the simulator bridges the gap between abstract theory and physical intuition — making it an effective learning tool for students and a rapid-verification tool for practicing engineers.
The simulator is based on the governing equations behind Seismic Wave Arrival Time Calculator. Understanding these equations is key to interpreting the results correctly.
Each parameter in the equations corresponds to a slider in the control panel. Moving a slider changes the equation's solution in real time, helping you build a direct connection between mathematical expressions and physical behavior.
Engineering Design: The concepts behind Seismic Wave Arrival Time Calculator are applied across mechanical, structural, electrical, and fluid engineering disciplines. This tool provides a quick way to estimate design parameters and sensitivity before committing to full CAE analysis.
Education & Research: Widely used in engineering curricula to connect theory with numerical computation. Also serves as a first-pass validation tool in research settings.
CAE Workflow Integration: Before running finite element (FEM) or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, engineers use simplified models like this to establish physical scale, identify dominant parameters, and define realistic boundary conditions.
Model assumptions: The mathematical model used here relies on simplifying assumptions such as linearity, homogeneity, and isotropy. Always verify that your real system satisfies these assumptions before applying results directly to design decisions.
Units and scale: Many calculation errors arise from unit conversion mistakes or order-of-magnitude errors. Pay close attention to the units shown next to each parameter input.
Validating results: Always sanity-check simulator output against physical intuition or hand calculations. If a result seems unexpected, review your input parameters or verify with an independent method.