Parameters
Presets
Layer thickness H
5.0 m
Drainage condition
Coeff. of consolidation c_v
1.00 m²/yr
Log scale (0.001–10 m²/yr)
Compression index Cc
0.35
Initial void ratio e₀
1.00
Initial eff. stress σ'₀
50.0 kPa
Applied stress increment Δσ
50.0 kPa
Check time t
1.0 yr
Log scale (0.01–100 yr)
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Ultimate settlement S_ult [m]
—
t₅₀ [yr]
—
t₉₀ [yr]
—
Degree of consol. U(t) [%]
—
Time factor T_v
Degree of Consolidation U(%) vs Time
Settlement S(t) vs Time
Excess Pore Pressure Distribution at check time t
Terzaghi Consolidation Theory
Ultimate settlement:
$$S_{ult}=\frac{C_c}{1+e_0}H\log_{10}\!\left(\frac{\sigma_0'+\Delta\sigma}{\sigma_0'}\right)$$Time factor: $T_v = c_v t / H_{dr}^2$ (double drainage $H_{dr}=H/2$, single $H_{dr}=H$)
Degree of consolidation (series solution): $$U(T_v)=1-\sum_{m=0}^{\infty}\frac{2}{M^2}\exp\!\left(-M^2 T_v\right),\quad M=\frac{\pi}{2}(2m+1)$$
Settlement at time t: $S(t)=U(T_v)\cdot S_{ult}$
Engineering Applications: Ground improvement design for roads and airports (sand drains, PVDs), construction schedule management for embankments on soft ground, differential settlement evaluation for building foundations.