Flexible Multibody Dynamics

Category: Structural Analysis | Integrated 2026-04-06
CAE visualization for flexible mbd theory - technical simulation diagram
Flexible Multibody Dynamics

Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Theoretical Foundations

What is Flexible MBD?

๐Ÿง‘โ€๐ŸŽ“

Professor, what does flexible MBD add to rigid body dynamics?


๐ŸŽ“

A combination of rigid bodies + CMS-reduced flexible bodies. Handles large rigid body motion + small elastic deformation simultaneously.


CMS + MBD

๐ŸŽ“

1. Reduce FEM model via CMS using the Craig-Bampton method

2. Integrate the reduced flexible body into the MBD solver

3. Joint connection + dynamic analysis


Summary

๐ŸŽ“
  • CMS-reduced body + MBD โ€” Mechanism analysis including elastic deformation
  • Adams/Flex, RecurDyn/FFlex โ€” Standards for flexible MBD
  • Automotive suspension stress, robot deflection โ€” Main applications

  • Coffee Break Trivia

    The theory of flexible body MBD is based on NASA's Shabana paper

    The rigorous formulation of flexible multibody systems is based on the "Floating Frame of Reference (FFR)" method established by Ahmed Shabana (University of Illinois) in his 1982 PhD thesis. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center's implementation of Shabana's theory for analyzing the deployment of solar array paddles on space structures was one of the earliest practical applications. The current ANCF (Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation) is an extended version published by Shabana himself in 1996, which significantly improved the analysis accuracy of large-deformation flexible bodies.

    Computational Methods for Flexible Multibody Dynamics

    Implementation of Flexible MBD

    ๐ŸŽ“
    • Adams/Flex โ€” Reads Nastran's CMS-reduced body (MNF: Modal Neutral File)
    • RecurDyn/FFlex โ€” Direct FEM coupling. Accepts Nastran BDF input
    • Abaqus co-simulation โ€” Simultaneous calculation of Abaqus + MBD

    • Summary

      ๐ŸŽ“
      • Nastran CMS โ†’ Adams/Flex โ€” Standard workflow
      • RecurDyn/FFlex โ€” Direct FEM coupling

      • Coffee Break Trivia

        The Craig-Bampton method is the world standard for mode reduction

        In flexible body MBD (MFBD), the "Craig-Bampton method" for reducing finite element models to a small number of modes is the de facto standard. This method, published by Roy Craig Jr. and Mervyn Bampton in the AIAA Journal in 1968, combines fixed-interface modes and constraint modes, resulting in high mode accuracy at connection points. For automotive crankshaft analysis, Craig-Bampton reduction is standardly used to reduce FEM models with over 100,000 total modes to tens or hundreds of modes for integration into MBD.

        Flexible Multibody Dynamics in Practice

        Flexible MBD Practice

        ๐ŸŽ“

        Stress evaluation of automotive suspension components, crane boom deflection, robot accuracy evaluation.


        Practical Checklist

        ๐ŸŽ“
        • [ ] Is the number of modes for CMS reduction sufficient?
        • [ ] Are the interface DOFs correctly defined?
        • [ ] Do CMS results match direct FEM solutions (in the elastic region)?
        • [ ] Does the MBD time step resolve the natural frequencies of the CMS body?

        • Coffee Break Trivia

          MFBD is essential for satellite solar array paddle deployment

          Deployable space structures (solar array paddles, antennas) are typical applications of MFBD analysis. The deployment analysis for the solar array paddles of JAXA's Hayabusa2, launched in 2014, was conducted using coupled RecurDyn and Nastran (indirect information from JAXA press release). MFBD analysis was used to pre-evaluate the risk of deployment vibration interfering with attitude control thrusters, reportedly aiding in optimizing the deployment sequence. The importance of MFBD analysis in zero-gravity environments, where ground testing is difficult, will only increase.

          Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Software & Solver Comparison

          Flexible MBD Tools

          ๐ŸŽ“
          • Adams/Flex (MSC) โ€” Reads Nastran's MNF. Industry standard
          • RecurDyn/FFlex โ€” Direct FEM coupling. Handles large-scale problems
          • Simpack + FEM โ€” Flexible MBD for railways
          • Abaqus co-simulation โ€” Simultaneous calculation with MBD

          • Coffee Break Trivia

            MSC Adams, founded in 1977, is the industry's oldest MBD solver

            The predecessor of MSC Adams, "DADS (Dynamic Analysis and Design System)", was developed by Professor Orlandea at the University of California, Davis in 1977 and later transferred to MSC. Flexible body functionality (AdamsFlexible) was added in the late 1990s, and the workflow automating Craig-Bampton reduction in conjunction with Nastran became the industry standard. Currently under HexagonMSC, Adams 2023 features enhanced Python script APIs, making integration into ML optimization loops easier.

            Advanced Technology

            Advanced Flexible MBD

            ๐ŸŽ“
            • Nonlinear flexible MBD โ€” Goes beyond CMS reduction for large deformations. Co-rotational formulation
            • Real-time flexible MBD โ€” Real-time calculation of flexible bodies in HIL
            • AI acceleration โ€” Surrogate models for MBD

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              Related fields

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